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Bitcoin Multisig Resilience Calculator

Compare an m-of-n Bitcoin multisig setup by loss tolerance, signing combinations, modeled availability and compromise risk.

Compare an m-of-n Bitcoin multisig setup by loss tolerance, signing combinations, modeled availability and compromise risk.

How it works

The calculator applies the documented Bitcoin or BIP rule to the values you enter and returns a mathematical or serialization estimate. Protocol implementation details and real wallet behavior remain authoritative.

The formula

P(X≥m)=Σ C(n,k) p^k (1−p)^(n−k), k=m..n; loss tolerance=n−m; signing combinations=C(n,m)

Signing threshold (m) • Total keys (n) • Per-key availability (%) • Per-key compromise probability (%)

Worked example

2-of-3, 99% per-key availability → modeled wallet availability 99.9702%; 1% per-key compromise → modeled threshold compromise 0.0298%.

For educational and technical analysis only. Not financial advice, security auditing, wallet software or a guarantee of fund safety. Verify current BIPs and your wallet implementation before using real funds. Never enter a seed phrase or private key into a website.

Frequently asked questions

What does this calculator estimate?

Compare an m-of-n Bitcoin multisig setup by loss tolerance, signing combinations, modeled availability and compromise risk.

Should I enter a seed phrase or private key?

No. Never enter a recovery phrase, seed phrase or private key into this or any web calculator. These tools are designed to work without secret key material.

Is the result a security or financial guarantee?

No. It is an educational technical estimate based on the selected assumptions and cited specifications. Real software, wallet policy, network rules and correlated failures can change outcomes.

Last content reviewSeptember 10, 2026
Editorial reviewHe-Sab Editorial Review

Sources and references

These sources are used to verify terminology, formulas, and information related to this calculator.