Initial Bearing Calculator
Calculate the initial bearing from one geographic coordinate to another.
Calculate the initial bearing from one geographic coordinate to another.
Move between map scale, population, geographic distance, midpoint, bearing and terrain-slope calculations.
Calculate a representative map scale from map distance and real-world ground distance.
Open calculatorCalculate population density from population and land area.
Open calculatorCalculate total and annualized population growth between two population values.
Open calculatorCalculate the great-circle distance between two geographic coordinates.
Open calculatorCalculate the spherical geographic midpoint between two coordinates.
Open calculatorCalculate the initial bearing from one geographic coordinate to another.
Calculate terrain slope as both a percentage and an angle.
Open calculatorCalculate the initial bearing from one geographic coordinate to another.
Enter compatible geographic values. The calculator validates the numerical inputs and applies Initial bearing θ = atan2(sin Δλ × cos φ2, cos φ1 × sin φ2 - sin φ1 × cos φ2 × cos Δλ).
Variables: Latitude 1 = Latitude 1 (°); Longitude 1 = Longitude 1 (°); Latitude 2 = Latitude 2 (°); Longitude 2 = Longitude 2 (°).
Example: From (0°, 0°) to (0°, 1°), the initial spherical bearing is 90°.
It is an educational tool for map scale, population and spherical geographic calculations.
Not automatically. Surveying can require ellipsoidal geodesy, a specified datum and higher-precision methods, while official statistics can use defined population, land-area and growth methodologies.
These sources are used to verify terminology, formulas, and information related to this calculator.